An ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) test is used to detect autoantibodies in the blood that mistakenly target the body’s own cells. These antibodies are often present in autoimmune disorders, particularly Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), but can also be found in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, scleroderma, and mixed connective tissue disease. Doctors usually recommend this test when symptoms such as joint pain, persistent fatigue, skin rashes, or unexplained inflammation suggest an autoimmune condition.

For the ANA test, a small blood sample is collected from a vein, and no fasting or special preparation is required. While a positive ANA result can indicate autoimmune activity, it does not confirm a specific disease on its own. Doctors often use ANA results along with other tests and clinical symptoms to reach an accurate diagnosis.